From Code to Quality: Applying OOP Principles in Selenium Test Automation

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Applying Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles in test automation, particularly with tools like Selenium in Java, can significantly enhance code organization, reusability, and maintainability.

Here’s how each OOP principle can be utilized in test automation, along with coding examples.

1. Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, usually a class. It restricts direct access to some of the object’s components.

Think of a capsule of medicine. The capsule contains the active ingredients (data) but controls how they are released (methods). You don’t need to know how the medicine works; you just take it as prescribed.

Before Encapsulation

public class LoginTest {
    public String username;
    public String password;

public void performLogin() {
        // Login logic
        System.out.println("Logging in with " + username + " and password: " + password);
    }
}
// Usage
LoginTest test = new LoginTest();
test.username = "user";
test.password = "pass";
test.performLogin();

After Encapsulation

public class LoginTest {
    private String…